The Covid-19 pandemic has been a stress test for the political legitimacy of democratic governance. WP3 aims to identify the standards of the rule of law and democratic participation in crisis governance, given that these two aspects are central to the political legitimacy of democratic governance. Collecting and making use of a dataset on Covid-19 measures, this WP assesses the quality of the rule of law and democratic participation during the Covid-19 pandemic in 31 European countries. Through qualitative case studies, it tests the impact of multilevel governance on the quality of the rule of law and democratic participation of the Covid-19 emergency measures. Finally, WP3 proposes policy recommendations on how to maintain political legitimacy in multilevel
governance crisis.